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Water Requirement
Juan G. R. y V. P. Álvarez. Irrigation requirements of tobacco in Cuba and it relation with producer countries.
Hydraulic Engineering Vol. 9(2):37-39. Havana , Cuba 1998/. / Juan G. R. Irrigation requirements of tobacco in producer countries. "Tobacco irrigation" Page: 102-110, Madrid 2002.
We performed a comparative study of the water requirements of tobacco in the major producing countries. Climatic conditions in the temperate countries makes that the tobacco in these regions is grown in the summer, so the water needs are high of 249 to 385 mm however due to rainfall regime, apply generally two to four irrigation for varieties with less demanding irrigation, as in the eastern tobacco and four to seven irrigation for varieties with most demanding as in type Virginia and Burley, with total water requirement from 700 to 1440 m3/ha for Eastern tobacco and 1140 to 2840 m3 for the tobacco of broad leaf. The maximum daily evapotranspiration for the temperate climatic conditions is 4.5 to 6.3 mm during the period before the harvest, which is when the tobacco has its greatest demand. The maximum evapotranspiration for the Caribbean is from 2.8 to 3.2 mm / day at the fifty days after transplantation and 3.5 to 4.4 mm / day for Central America . Zones with dry summers, have different characteristics, with values greater than 5 mm / day and with total water requirements from 3000 to 3500 m3/ha, as is the case in Spain in the Mediterranean area.
Table 3.2. Irrigation requirements of tobacco in producer countries.
| Countries | Climatic Zones | Tabacco Types | Evapotranspiration | |
| Total mm | Maximun mm/day | |||
| North America -USA |
Temperate |
Virginia |
323-369 |
5,6-6,3 |
| Central America -Cuba -Nicaragua |
Tropical Tropical |
Dark SC Dark LC Virginia Burley Virginia |
212-238 271-324 221 228 287-322 |
3,1-3,2 3,0-3,2 2,8 2,9 3,5-4,4 |
| Surth America -Brazil |
Tropical |
Virginia |
313-375 |
5,1-5,6 |
| Europe -Spain -France -Bulgaria |
Subtropical Temperate Temperate |
Virginia Dark Oriental Virginia Burley |
- - 249-283 254-265 352-380 348-385 |
5,8-6,5 4,9 4,5-5,6 5,5-6,1 5,7-6,2 |
| Asia -India |
Tropical Alt. |
Virginia |
282-328 |
3,8-4,7 |
| Africa -Zimbabwe -Mozambique |
Tropical Tropical |
Virginia Virginia |
295-341 310-345 |
4,2-5,7 4,4-5,6 |
Table 3.2. Irrigation requirements of tobacco in producer countries. (Continuation )
| Countries | Climatic Zones | Tobacco Types | Total Normes m3/ha | Partial Normes m3/ha | Irrigations |
| North America -USA |
Temperate |
Virginia |
1140-1710 |
200-300 |
4-6 |
| América Central -Cuba -Nicaragua |
Tropical Tropical |
Dark SC Dark LC Virginia Burley Virginia |
1524-1654 1630-1726 1475 1582 1750-2250 |
133-360 188-352 140-261 142-296 180-270 |
7 6-7 8 7 7-9 |
| Surth America -Brazil |
Tropical |
Virginia |
660-1130 |
250-375 |
2-4 |
| Europe -Spain -France -Bulgaria |
Subtropical Temperate Temperate |
Virginia Dark Oriental Virginia Burley |
3000-3500 800-1260 700-1440 1160-2100 1780-2840 |
200-300 200-350 300-410 250-300 250-360 |
12-14 3-5 2-4 4-7 6-9 |
| Asia -India |
Tropical Alt. |
Virginia |
500-1000 |
250-360 |
2-3 |
| África -Zimbabwe -Mozambique |
Tropical Tropical |
Virginia Virginia |
550-1360 550-1650 |
200-300 200-300 |
2-5 2- |
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